= The stdio Library =

The [source:soft/giet_vm/giet_libs/stdio.c stdio.c] and [source:soft/giet_vm/giet_libs/stdio.h stdio.h] files define all system calls provided to user applications by the GIET-VM. They are generally prefixed by ''giet_''.

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 == __1) Processor related system calls__ ==

 === int '''giet_procid'''()===
This function returns the global processor identifier gpid, depending on (X,Y,L) where X,Y are the cluster coordinates, and L is the local processor index.
The format is  gpid = X<<Y_WIDTH + Y) * NB_PROCS_MAX) + L

 === int '''giet_proctime'''() ===
This function returns the local processor time (number of cycles from reset.

 === int '''giet_rand'''() ===
This function returns a pseudo-random value derived from both the processor 
cycle count and the processor index. This value is comprised between 0 & 65535.

 == __2) Task related system calls__ ==

 === int '''giet_proc_task_id'''() ===
This functions returns the local task index, identifying the task amongst all task
running on the same processor.

 === int giet_global_task_id() ===
This functions returns the global task id, unique in the system.

 === int giet_thread_id() === 
This functions returns the thread index, identiying the task in a given vspace.

 == __3) TTY related system calls__ ==

  === void giet_tty_printf( char* format, ... ) ===
This function print formated text on a private terminal that must have been allocated to the calling task in the mapping (''use_tty'' argument). Therefore,  it does not take the TTY lock. In case or error, it makes a giet_exit().
Only a limited number of formats are supported:
   * %d : signed decimal
   * %u : unsigned decimal
   * %x : 32 bits hexadecimal
   * %l : 64 bits hexadecimal
   * %c : char
   * %s : string

 === void '''giet_shr_printf'''( char* format, ... ) ===
This function print formated text on the shared terminal arbitrarily allocated by the kernel, taking the TTY lock
for exclusive access. It supports the same formats as the giet_tty_printf() function. In case or error, it makes a giet_exit().

 === void '''giet_tty_getc'''( char* byte ) ===
This blocking function fetches a single character from the private terminal that must have been allocated to the calling task in the application mapping. It uses the TTY_RX_IRQ interrupt, and the associated kernel buffer. In case or error (such as TTY index not defined), it makes a giet_exit().

 === void '''giet_tty_getw'''( unsigned int* val ) ===
This blocking function fetches a string of decimal characters (most significant digit first) to build a 32-bits unsigned integer from the private TTY terminal  that must have been allocated to the calling task in the application mapping. It uses the TTY_RX_IRQ interrupt, and the associated kernel buffer.
The non-blocking system function _tty_read is called several times, and the decimal characters are written in a 32 characters buffer until a <LF> character is read. It ignores non-decimal characters, and displays an echo 
system function) for each decimal character. The <DEL> character is interpreted, and previous characters can be cancelled.  When the <LF> character is received, the string is converted to an unsigned int value. If the number of decimal digit is too large for the 32 bits range, the zero value is returned.
In case or error (such as TTY index not defined), it makes a giet_exit().

 === void '''giet_tty_gets'''( char* buf, unsigned int bufsize ) ===
This blocking function fetches a string from the private terminal that must have been allocated to the calling task in the application mapping. It writes the string to a fixed length buffer.
It uses the TTY_RX_IRQ interrupt, and the associated kernel buffer.
Up to (bufsize - 1) characters (including the non printable characters) are copied into buffer, and the string is completed by a NUL character. The <LF> character is interpreted, and the function close the string with a NUL character if <LF> is read. The <DEL> character is interpreted, and the corresponding character(s) are removed from the target buffer. It does not provide an echo.
In case or error (such as TTY index not defined), it makes a giet_exit().

 == __4) File system related system calls__ ==

The Giet-VM supports a FAT32 file system.

 === int '''giet_fat_open'''( const char* pathname, unsigned int flags ) ===
Open a file identified by the ''pathname'' argument. The read/write ''flags''  are not supported yet: no effect.
Return -1 in case or error.

 === void '''giet_fat_read'''( unsigned int fd, void* buffer, unsigned int count, unsigned int offset ) ===
Read ''count'' sectors from a file identified by the ''fd'' argument, skipping ''offset'' sectors in file, and writing into the user memory ''buffer''. The user buffer base address should be 64 bytes aligned.
In case or error, it makes a giet_exit().

 === void '''giet_fat_write'''( unsigned int fd, void* buffer, unsigned int count, unsigned int offset ) ===
Write ''count'' sectors into a file identified by the ''fd'' argument, skipping ''offset'' sectors in file, and reading from the user memory ''buffer''. The user buffer base address should be 64 bytes aligned.
In case or error, it makes a giet_exit().

 === void '''giet_fat_close'''( unsigned int fd ) ===
Close a file identified by the ''fd'' file descriptor.


 == __5) Network related system calls__ ==

 === void '''giet_nic_sync_send'''( void* buffer ) ===
This blocking function requires to transfer one container (4K bytes)  from an user space buffer to the Ethernet Network Controller.
It returns only when the container has been fully transfered.
The '''buffer''' argument is the container base address in user space.

 === void '''giet_nic_sync_receive'''( void* buffer ) ===
This blocking function requires to transfer one container (4K bytes)  from  the Ethernet Network Controller to an user space buffer.
It returns only when the container has been fully transfered.
The '''buffer''' argument is the container base address in user space.

 == __6) Frame Buffer related system calls__ ==

 === void '''giet_fb_sync_read'''( unsigned int offset, void* buffer, unsigned int length ) ===
This blocking function use a memcopy strategy to transfer data from the frame buffer to an user buffer: ''offset'' defines the offset (in bytes) in the frame buffer, ''buffer''  is the user buffer base address, ''length''  is the number of bytes to be transfered. 

 === void '''giet_fb_sync_write'''( unsigned int offset, void* buffer, unsigned int length ) ===
This blocking function use a memcopy strategy to transfer data from an user buffer to the frame buffer: ''offset'' defines the offset (in bytes) in the frame buffer, ''buffer''  is the user buffer base address, ''length''  is the number of bytes to be transfered. 

 === void '''giet_fbf_cma_start'''( void* buf0, void* buf1, unsigned int length ) === 
This function initializes the two chained bufffer (sorce and destination)  used by the chained buffer DMA controller (CMA) to transfer a stream of data from the user buffers to the frame buffer. A CMA channel should have been allocated to the calling task in the application mapping.
 * '''buf0('' is the first user buffer base address 
 * '''buf1''' is the second user buffer base address,
 * '''length''' is the buffer size (bytes).

 === void '''giet_fbf_cma_display'''( unsigned int buffer ) ===
This function enables the transfer of the buffer specified by the ''buffer'' argument (0 or 1).

 === void '''giet_fbf_cma_stop'''( ) ===
This function desactivates the CMA channel allocated to the calling task.

 == __7) Miscelaneous system calls__ ==

 === void '''giet_exit'''( char* string ) ===
This function stops execution of the calling task with a TTY message explaining the cause. The user task is descheduled and becomes not runable: it does not consume processor cycles anymore.

 === void '''giet_assert'''( unsigned int condition, char* string ) ===
This function uses the giet_exit() system call to kill the calling task if the condition is false.

 === void '''giet_context_switch'''() ===
The user task calling this function is descheduled and the processor is allocated to another task.

 === void '''giet_procnumber'''( unsigned int cluster_xy, unsigned int buffer ) ===
This function returns in the ''buffer'' argument the number of processors in the cluster specified by the ''cluster_xy'' argument. In case or error (such as illegal cluster index), it makes a giet_exit().

 === void '''giet_vobj_get_vbase'''( char* vspace_name, char*  vobj_name, unsigned int* vobj_vaddr) ===
This function returns in argument ''vobj_vaddr'' the virtual base address of a vobj defined in the mapping_info data structure. The vobj is identified by the two arguments ''vspace_name'' and ''vobj_name''. In case of error (such as undefined vspace or undefined vobj), it makes a giet_exit().

 === void '''giet_heap_info'''( unsigned int* vaddr, unsigned int* length, unsigned int  x, unsigned int  y );
This function supports access to the running task's heap or to a remote heap. If (x < X_SIZE) and (y < Y_SIZE), it returns the base address and length of the heap associated to any task running on cluster(x,y). Otherwise, it returns the base address and length of the heap associated to the calling task. In case of error (such as undefined heap segment in the selected cluster, it returns heap_size = 0).

 === void '''giet_get_xy'''( void* ptr, unsigned int* px, unsigned int* py ) ===
This function takes as input a virtual address (''ptr'' argument), and returns through the ''px,py'' arguments the coordinates of the cluster containing the physical address associated to ''ptr''. In case of error (unmapped virtual address), it makes a giet_exit().